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eye movement
Eye movement refers to the voluntary or involuntary movement of the eyes, helping in acquiring, fixating and tracking visual stimuli. Specific systems are used in maintaining fixation, when reading and in music reading. A special type of eye movement, rapid eye movement, occurs during REM sleep.
The eyes are the visual organs of the human body, and move using a system of six muscles. The retina, a specialised type of tissue containing photoreceptors, senses light. These specialised cells convert light into electrochemical signals. These signals travel along the optic nerve fibers to the brain, where they are interpreted as vision in the visual cortex.
Primates and many other vertebrates use three types of voluntary eye movement to track objects of interest: smooth pursuit, vergence shifts and saccades.〔Krauzlis, RJ. (The control of voluntary eye movements: new perspectives. ) ''The Neuroscientist''. 2005 Apr;11(2):124–37. PMID 15746381.〕 These movements appear to be initiated by a small cortical region in the brain's frontal lobe.〔Heinen SJ, Liu M. "Single-neuron activity in the dorsomedial frontal cortex during smooth-pursuit eye movements to predictable target motion." ''Vis Neurosci.'' 1997 Sep–Oct;14(5):853–65. PMID 9364724〕〔Tehovnik EJ, Sommer MA, Chou IH, Slocum WM, Schiller PH. "Eye fields in the frontal lobes of primates." Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2000 Apr;32(2–3):413–48. PMID 10760550〕 This is corroborated by removal of the frontal lobe. In this case, the reflexes (such as reflex shifting the eyes to a moving light) are intact, though the voluntary control is obliterated.〔"Sensory Reception: Human Vision: Structure and function of the Human Eye" Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1987〕
== Anatomy ==
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